John Peldyak, DMD

The following references are as they appear in the book "Sweet Smart Xylitol" written by John Peldyak, DMD. Published by Morris Publishing, 3212 Hwy 30, Kearny, Nebraska 68847. Phone 1-800-650-7888.

1. "The most impressive results have been achieved when a Xylitol program has been added to existing prevention efforts." MakenenKK: Prevention of dental caries by Xylitol Environmental Management and Health 2(2) 1991 pp.6-11.

2. "Further caries reduction was found 2 or 3 years after the discontinuation of the use of Xylitol." Isokangas P, Tiekso J et al: Long-term effect of Xylitol chewing gum on dental caries Community Dentistry Oral Epidemiology 17: 1989 pp 200-3.

3. "Xylitol, with adaptation is well tolerated and safe to levels of at least 90 grams/day, with no subjective or objective adverse findings." Brin M, Miller ON: The safety of oral Xylitol in: Sugars in Nutrition Sipple HL (ed) Academic Press New York 1974 pp 591-605.

4. "High content Xylitol gum use inhibits the rate, severity, and extent of sucrose-induced acidogenic challenge." Tanzer JM: Xylitol chewing gum and dental caries International Dental Journal 45 (1) (suppl 1) Feb 1995 pp65-76.

5. "Xylitol was found to give the best microbiological activity to be used as a sugar replacer for caries prophylaxis." Gehring F, Hufnagel HD: Intra- and extra oral pH measurements of human dental plaque after rinsing with sugar and sugar substitute solutions Oralprophylaxe 5: 1983 pp13-19.

6. " Xylitol affects the ecology of dental plaque and thereby reduces the rate of dental caries." Bradshaw DJ, March PD: Effect of sugar alcohols on the composition and metabolism of a mixed culture of oral bacterial grown in a chemo stat Caries Research 28: 1994 pp251-256.

7. "Xylitol gum enhanced remineralization, reduced plaque and improved gingival health." Steinberg LM, Odusola F, Mandel ID: Remineralizing potential, antiplaque and antigingivitis effects of Xylitol and sorbitol sweetened chewing gum Clinical Nutrition (suppl) 1995 pp275-283.

8. " Xylitol helps prevent damage to teeth and gums during orthodontic treatment." Graber TM, Muller Tp, Bhatia VD: The effect of Xylitol gum and rinces on plaque acidogenesis in Patients with fixed orthodontic appliances Swedish Dental Journal (15) 1982 pp41-55.

9. "100 % Xylitol sweetened gum yielded the best results in reducing plaque and Strep mutans in young patients wearing fixed orthodontic appliances." Isotupa, KP, Gunn S, et al: Effect of polyol gums on dental plaque on orthodontic patients American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 107: 1995 pp497-504.

10. "Uptake of Xylitol by StrepMutans sets up a "futile cycle" leading to depressed growth or even cell death." Rogers AH, Pilowsky KA, et al: Effects of pulsing with Xylitol on mixed continuous cultures of oral Streptococci Australian Dental Journal June 1991 pp231-235.

11. "Up to an 80% reduction in caries incidence in the Belize children's study" Isokangas P, Alanen P, et al: Xylitol chewing gum in caries prevention: a field study in children Journal of the American Dental Association 117:1988 p315.

12. "The Xylitol group had less than half the cavities of the sorbitol group. The sucrose-gum group had the most cavities, even more than the no-gum controls. The 100% Xylitol pellet or " pillow-type" gum produced the best results with the lowest caries rate, the most remineralization, and the lowest salivary bacterial counts for StrepMutans and lactobacilli." Makinen KK, Isotupa K, et al: Caries-preventive effect of polyol containing chewing gums Journal of Dental Research 72 (Spec. Edition) Abstract 1945 1993.